In East Africa, illiteracy remains a major challenge, especially in rural areas and among women. The region’s average literacy rate varies widely across countries, but estimates from UNESCO and other sources suggest that up to 60–70% of the adult population in some areas may be illiterate. Efforts to improve literacy have intensified, including education in local languages and special programmes for women who are most vulnerable due to socio-economic factors. Challenges such as poverty, lack of resources and cultural barriers contribute to the problem. At the same time, the security situation and climate change play a role, making it difficult for children to receive continuous schooling in several countries such as Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia. International organisations such as UNICEF and local initiatives are working to promote literacy through basic education programmes

Estimated figures for illiteracy in some countries in East Africa based on available data and analysis:

1. Somalia: An estimated 62% of the adult population is illiterate. The country has one of the highest illiteracy rates in the region due to decades of conflict and a lack of educational resources

2. Ethiopia: Adult illiteracy is around 49%. Ethiopia has made significant efforts to reduce illiteracy, but challenges remain, especially in rural areas

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3. Kenya: Approximately 22% of the adult population is illiterate. Kenya has a more developed education system than many of its neighbors, but regional differences are evident

4. Tanzania: The adult illiteracy rate is around 24%. Tanzania has successfully reduced illiteracy through campaigns and programs that focus on community education.

5. Uganda: Approximately 27% of the adult population is illiterate, with higher levels in rural areas and among women

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The challenges in the region include socio-economic factors, cultural norms and lack of infrastructure, but there is also significant progress in the form of educational programs and international support.